Dopamine : le chemin du plaisir

La dopamine: de quoi s’agit-il ?

Ce neurotransmetteur du bien-être est également impliqué dans le renforcement. C’est pourquoi, une fois que nous aurons essayé l’un de ces cookies, nous reviendrons peut-être pour un autre (ou deux, ou trois). Le côté le plus sombre de la dopamine est le sentiment intense de récompense que ressentent les gens lorsqu’ils consomment des drogues, comme l’héroïne ou la cocaïne, qui peuvent conduire à une dépendance.

La dopamine joue également un rôle dans ces fonctions :

• l’apprentissage et attention
• l’humeur
• le mouvement
• le rythme cardiaque
• la fonction rénale
• la fonction des vaisseaux sanguins
• le sommeil
• le traitement de la douleur
• la lactation.

Où est produite la dopamine ?

Les neurones de la région située à la base du cerveau produisent de la dopamine en deux étapes. Tout d’abord, l’acide aminé tyrosine est converti en un autre acide aminé, appelé L-dopa. Ensuite, la L-dopa subit un autre changement, car les enzymes la transforment en dopamine.

Un manque de dopamine provoque des mouvements raides caractéristiques de la maladie de Parkinson. Bien que la dépression soit plus souvent liée à un manque de sérotonine, des études montrent qu’une carence en dopamine contribue également à une humeur dépressive. En particulier, les personnes souffrant de dépression souffrent souvent d’un manque de motivation et de concentration.

Étant donné que la dopamine est fabriquée à partir de la tyrosine, obtenir davantage de cet acide aminé provenant des aliments pourrait potentiellement augmenter les niveaux de dopamine dans votre cerveau. Certaines recherches suggèrent qu’une alimentation riche en tyrosine peut également améliorer la mémoire et les performances mentales.

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